How the Common Agricultural Policy Supports Animal Welfare in Europe

Animal welfare concerns us all. It is no coincidence that 91% of European citizens believe it is important for farm animals, such as pigs, cattle, and poultry, to be protected and to live in decent conditions. Moreover, in 2021, the European Commission responded positively to the European Citizens’ Initiative “End the Cage Age,” which called for a ban on the use of cages for the rearing of various species in intensive farming systems.  

The European Union responds to these expectations through the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which actively supports the well-being of animals on farms. Through targeted programs and funding, the CAP has a direct impact on how farm animals are raised, the conditions they live in, and how their health is cared for across all EU Member States.  

What does the CAP do in practice for animals? Support for animal welfare is implemented through the CAP Strategic Plans, which include various tools and actions: 

1. Eco-schemes 

Eco-schemes support voluntary farming practices that go beyond basic legal requirements and can contribute to improved animal welfare, alongside environmental and climate objectives. Depending on how they are designed at national or regional level, eco-schemes may incentivise higher-welfare practices such as increased space per animal, improved ventilation and lighting in housing, and access to pastures. These measures can help support natural behaviours and enhance animals’ overall well-being. 

2. Farm investments 

The CAP funds investments to upgrade farms, aiming to create more comfortable and cleaner living spaces for animals. At the same time, farm hygiene and safety are improved, modern and animal-friendly equipment is used, and disease prevention is enhanced through systematic health care. 

3. Agri-environmental and climate measures 

Agri-environmental and climate measures link environmental protection with good animal treatment. They support practices that reduce stress for animals, improve their quality of life, and promote more sustainable and resilient farming systems. 

4. Education and training for farmers 

The CAP also invests in the people behind production, offering essential education and training opportunities for farmers to implement effective animal welfare practices in their daily activities. Advisory support is provided, and knowledge and experience exchange among farmers is encouraged. 

At the EU level, over €35 billion is allocated to measures related to animal health and welfare. This demonstrates that the CAP is a key tool for more responsible and modern livestock farming. 

Animal welfare is not merely a regulatory requirement; it is a core value the CAP seeks to embed in everyday agricultural practice. It is a shared responsibility that concerns us all — producers, consumers, and particularly younger generations, who increasingly care about how their food is produced.